Creating the embryos
PGT is performed on embryos created through IVF or ICSI, so the path begins with those same stages.
Genetics and screening
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
In some fertility treatments, the appearance of an embryo alone is not enough to make the best decision. An embryo may look healthy and develop normally, yet certain genetic or chromosomal conditions can only be identified through specialized laboratory testing.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
In some fertility treatments, the appearance of an embryo alone is not enough to make the best decision. An embryo may look healthy and develop normally, yet certain genetic or chromosomal conditions can only be identified through specialized laboratory testing.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a laboratory technique that allows selected genetic or chromosomal conditions to be evaluated before an embryo is transferred to the uterus. In some treatment plans, this testing can also determine the sex of the embryo.
To perform PGT, embryos are first created through IVF or ICSI. Once an embryo reaches the appropriate stage of development, a few cells are carefully removed in a procedure called embryo biopsy.
Embryo biopsy is one of the most delicate procedures in embryology. The sample must provide enough cells for accurate genetic analysis while minimizing manipulation of the embryo.
At Taban Fertility Center, embryo biopsy is performed using advanced laser technology and precision micromanipulation equipment by experienced embryologists. Careful attention to the biopsy site, the number of cells collected, and the preservation of embryo integrity are essential parts of this highly specialized procedure.
How can PGT help?
PGT does not treat genetic conditions, nor does it improve embryo quality.
Its value lies in providing important genetic information before embryo transfer.
The results may help identify embryos with specific genetic or chromosomal findings and support a more informed embryo selection process.
The appropriate type of PGT is not the same for every patient. It is determined according to family history, parental genetic testing, the cause of infertility, and the clinical goals of treatment.
For this reason, PGT should be recommended only after medical evaluation and, when appropriate, genetic counseling rather than being performed routinely for every IVF patient.
Who may benefit from PGT?
A family history of inherited genetic disorders
If either partner has a known inherited genetic condition or is a carrier of a specific genetic mutation, PGT may be recommended to evaluate embryos for that condition.
Certain chromosomal rearrangements
Sometimes one partner is healthy but carries a structural chromosomal rearrangement that may affect embryo development or pregnancy. In these situations, PGT may be considered after appropriate evaluation.
Recurrent pregnancy loss with a suspected genetic cause
Recurrent miscarriage has many possible causes, and not all are genetic. However, if medical evaluation suggests a chromosomal factor, PGT may become part of the treatment plan.
Previous unsuccessful IVF treatments
Some couples experience repeated unsuccessful embryo transfers despite having embryos available. After a thorough medical evaluation, PGT may be considered in selected cases. It is not routinely recommended for everyone.
Advanced maternal age
As maternal age increases, the likelihood of certain chromosomal abnormalities also increases. Depending on the patient's age, embryo number, previous treatment history, and overall medical condition, the physician may recommend PGT.
Embryo sex determination
When sex chromosomes are included in the genetic analysis, the sex of the embryo can also be identified.
Sex determination may be performed to help prevent the transmission of certain sex-linked genetic diseases or, where permitted by applicable regulations and clinic policies, as part of the treatment plan.
How is an embryo biopsy performed?
After fertilization, embryos develop for several days under carefully controlled laboratory conditions.
When an embryo reaches the appropriate developmental stage, the embryologist uses laser technology and precision micromanipulation instruments to remove a small number of cells from the outer layer of the embryo.
The collected sample is placed into a specialized tube and sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis.
The embryo is usually cryopreserved while waiting for the genetic test results.
Not all embryos are ready for biopsy at the same time. Each embryo must reach an appropriate stage of development before biopsy can be safely performed.
Why is embryo biopsy so delicate?
Embryo biopsy involves much more than simply removing a few cells.
The embryologist must decide which area of the embryo should be sampled, how many cells should be collected, how laser technology should be applied, and how the sample should be handled safely.
Collecting too few cells may not provide enough material for genetic testing, while removing more cells than necessary is also undesirable.
The goal is always to obtain an adequate sample while preserving the embryo as much as possible.
At Taban Fertility Center, embryo biopsy is performed with careful attention to minimizing manipulation. The embryologist's experience, technical precision, understanding of embryo development, and close coordination with the genetics laboratory all contribute to the quality of the procedure.
What happens after the results are ready?
The genetic report is reviewed by the fertility specialist and, when appropriate, a clinical geneticist.
The decision regarding embryo transfer is made by considering the genetic findings together with embryo quality, uterine conditions, and the couple's overall medical situation.
Some results are clear and straightforward, while others may be inconclusive or require additional evaluation.
It is also possible that none of the tested embryos meet the criteria for transfer.
Understanding these possibilities before treatment helps couples make informed and realistic decisions.
Important Information About PGT
PGT does not guarantee a completely healthy baby
Every genetic test is designed to evaluate specific genetic or chromosomal conditions. A normal PGT result does not mean that every possible genetic condition has been examined, nor does it guarantee the birth of a completely healthy child.
Embryo appearance and genetic findings are two different assessments
The embryologist evaluates how the embryo grows and develops in the laboratory, while PGT provides information about selected genetic or chromosomal conditions.
Neither assessment replaces the other. The decision regarding embryo transfer is based on all available clinical and laboratory information together.
Sex determination is not, by itself, a fertility treatment
When embryo sex is determined through PGT, the entire IVF or ICSI process—including embryo development, embryo biopsy, and genetic testing—must first be completed.
Sex determination is therefore part of a comprehensive fertility treatment rather than a separate or simple procedure.
Routine pregnancy care is still essential
Even after a genetically tested embryo is transferred and pregnancy is achieved, routine prenatal care and any recommended pregnancy screening should continue according to the physician's advice.
Who it is for
Who may benefit from PGT?
- A family history of inherited genetic disorders
- Certain chromosomal rearrangements
- Recurrent pregnancy loss with a suspected genetic cause
- Previous unsuccessful IVF treatments
- Advanced maternal age
- Embryo sex determination
The pathway
The treatment, step by step
Reaching the right stage
Each embryo has to develop far enough to be ready for biopsy, and that moment is not the same for every embryo.
Embryo biopsy
Using laser technology and fine micromanipulation instruments, the embryologist removes a small number of cells from the outer part of the embryo.
Freezing the embryo
The embryo is preserved by vitrification until the result is ready.
Genetic analysis
The sample is sent to the genetics laboratory and each embryo is reported on separately.
Transferring the selected embryo
Once the uterus has been prepared, the selected embryo is thawed and transferred.
Every figure and interval on this page is an average. Your own plan is written after the initial assessment and may change during treatment — a change is not a sign of trouble, it is a sign that the treatment is being fitted to your body.
Can embryo biopsy harm the embryo?
Embryo biopsy is performed by removing only a small number of cells while minimizing manipulation of the embryo. However, like any laboratory procedure, it cannot be considered completely risk-free.
The embryologist's experience, embryo quality, and laboratory standards all contribute to performing this procedure as safely and accurately as possible.
Can every embryo undergo biopsy?
No. An embryo must reach an appropriate stage of development and meet certain quality criteria before biopsy can be performed.
Is the embryo transferred immediately after biopsy?
Usually not. In most cases, the embryo is cryopreserved after biopsy while the genetic analysis is being completed.
Embryo transfer is planned later, once the results are available and the uterus has been appropriately prepared.
Can PGT determine the sex of the embryo?
When the genetic analysis includes the sex chromosomes, the sex of the embryo can also be identified.
The use of this information follows applicable medical indications, regulations, and the policies of the fertility center.
Does PGT guarantee pregnancy?
No. PGT can support more informed embryo selection, but pregnancy also depends on many other factors, including embryo quality, uterine conditions, maternal age, and the couple's overall medical circumstances.
Quality Begins Before the Sample Reaches the Genetics Laboratory
PGT is not a single laboratory test—it is a carefully coordinated process.
Every step, from embryo development and choosing the appropriate time for biopsy to cell collection, sample handling, embryo cryopreservation, and interpretation of the genetic results, contributes to the overall quality of the process.
Any weakness at one stage may affect the steps that follow.
At Taban Fertility Center, embryo biopsy is performed as a highly specialized embryology procedure rather than a routine laboratory task.
Our goal is to obtain a reliable sample for genetic analysis while limiting embryo manipulation to only what is necessary.
To us, PGT is more than a genetic report—it is a carefully planned clinical decision whose quality begins with the precision, expertise, and judgment of the embryologist.
If we have only one embryo, is PGT still worthwhile?
The answer depends on several factors, including the reason for performing PGT, the woman's age, medical history, and your physician's recommendation. In some cases, testing a single embryo may still provide valuable information, while in others, a different approach may be more appropriate.
If the PGT result is abnormal, will another embryo biopsy be required?
Not usually. PGT results are generally based on the initial biopsy sample. Only in selected situations, and based on the recommendation of the medical team, may additional evaluation be considered.
If we have several chromosomally normal embryos, how is the embryo for transfer selected?
PGT results are only one part of the decision-making process. Embryo quality, stage of development, uterine conditions, and your individualized treatment plan are also considered when selecting the embryo for transfer.
Can a PGT result ever be inconclusive?
Yes. Although uncommon, an inconclusive result may occur because of sample quality or technical laboratory limitations. In such cases, your medical team will discuss the most appropriate next steps with you.
If we have previously had a healthy pregnancy, could we still need PGT?
Yes. The decision to perform PGT depends on your current medical circumstances, maternal age, family or genetic history, and your physician's assessment. A previous healthy pregnancy does not necessarily eliminate the need for genetic testing.
Does PGT reduce the number of embryos available for transfer?
It may. After genetic testing, only embryos that meet the appropriate genetic criteria are considered for transfer or cryopreservation.
If the PGT result is normal, does that mean no further genetic testing is needed during pregnancy?
No. PGT does not replace routine prenatal care or other genetic tests that may be recommended during pregnancy or after birth when medically indicated.
Is PGT available at every fertility center?
No. PGT requires specialized laboratory equipment, collaboration with an accredited genetics laboratory, and an experienced embryology team. Therefore, it is not available at every fertility center.
Related reading
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The next step
Find out whether this path is
right for you.
An assessment before any decision. If there is a simpler path for you, that is the one we will suggest.